The Filipino Is Worth Dying free essay sample

A tumble of violet, blue, orange and green the blazing lights of the neon signs, the hazy colors of the disco scene. There I was, a typical colegiala out to enjoy the world, a part of the lets make tusok-tusok the fishballs syndrome. Youth with all its petty follies and foibles. Life was good sometimes. Other times, I found myself stopping to ask, Whats the use? But I didnt worry much about it. I mean, my life wasnt a total whirl it was Just a little out of focus. At least I was having fun. Other students in my school didnt seem to have any fun at all. They were always raging about the economic and political stability of the country. In a way, I pitied them. They were sacrificing so much of themselves in rallies and demonstrations for what? Things werent that bad here; other countries were in worse condition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Filipino Is Worth Dying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If some people were finding life difficult, it was Just too bad. That was the way the system worked and they simply had to adjust. Why other kids my age bothered about these peoples problems were beyond me. Did they expect to save the world? Some of them even called me unpatriotic. What right did they have to do that? Just because I wasnt willing to stand under the sun all day to listen to a bunch of has- beens (ex-government officials who were probably sore losers in the game of politics) didnt mean I didnt care for my country. Didnt I turn down my fathers offer to study in the States? After all, I had maids to order around, a driver to rely on, a ready source of funds. Why did I have to leave this country? Ang puso ko at buhay man Isa yoy ibibigay. Then a shot rang out, and there was red. Red that spilled forth from a bullet hole and tained the mans clothes, stained the hands of the men who touched him, and even stained those who dared to touch these men. The red continued to spread till it had stained us all. The red wouldnt come off; it remained a haunting reminder that we were all to blame. Yes, I blamed them, I blamed you, and I blamed myself for killing Sen. Benigno NinoY Aquino, Jr. that day: August 21, 1983. We had the real murder weapon within our midst, the weapon that was never exhibited before the Agrava Board, the weapon that killed countless faceless victims, the weapon that we carefully created and erfected our indifference. Yes, we saw the silent pleas in the eyes of the oppressed and heard their distant cries for help but we never looked, we never listened. It was this attitude of unconcern that slowly brought Ninoy to his death. It was like I was swimming in a sea of darkness, content to bathe in the comfort of my surroundings, when suddenly there was a force pulling me, rushing me out of my secure world into the cold blinding light. And on that day, to borrow a phrase from Butz Aquino, l was born again. Questioning: How could they let it happen? Who do they think they are? Are they resorting to cold blooded murder now? Do they think we will let them get away with it? What can I do? What? It was then that I hungered to know the truth about our country. I learned to read between the lines of newspaper articles and radio announcements. Deducing: Amendment 6 is a better alternative to martial law. It gives me power to make my own laws. l will not run in this years Batasan Pambansa elections because I want to be closer to the people. I will continue to hold key positions in the government. We cannot give permits to rallies because of the subversive infiltrators. We are afraid that more people are gaining the courage to express their grievances. When I saw a mother trying to protect her baby from the rain while waiting to get a glimpse of Ninoys body, when I heard the people belting out their frustrations and agony in one voice Ninoy! Ninoy! at his funeral, and when I felt the sense of camaraderie despite the heat and weary feet it was then that I knew where I belonged. When a true Filipino gave his heart, his life for love of country, it was then hat I knew the true meaning of patriotism. Tungkulin koy gagampanan/ Na lag kang paglinkuran After August 21 , the city had turned yellow. Yellow worn defiantly by grandchildren, grandparents, babies and dogs alike. Yellow hidden discreetly under formal business attire. Yellow flying proudly, tied to the radio antenna of a Mercedes Benz. Yellow soaked in perspiration, tied around the head of a Jeepney driver. And yellow splashed across alternative periodicals, testimonies to the emergence of a new period. Yes, it was a period of bold action and frenzied movements manifested through emonstrations, marches, noise barrages. But it was also a period of quiet contemplation and humble gestures in the form of prayer rallies, masses, nationalistic songs and yellow flowers. The means may have differed, but the goal was the same: the upliftment of the Filipino. 31, I was there, peering through the gates of St. Domingo church. When the number of people attending the funeral procession swelled to a phenomenal 2 million, I was there, extending my thumb and index finger, exchanging the Laban sign with squatter boys along Quirino Avenue. When the Makati group chose to put aside their burgs image and expressed their sentiments, I was there, yellow confetti streaming down my hair while applauding the Ninoy We Love You! banners sprawled across buildings. When a rally was held in Liwasang Bonifacio on Sept. 30 to commemorate the 40th day of Ninoys death, I was there, raising my arm with fist clenched ratifying my commitment to fght against further oppression. When ROAR (Run On for Aquino and Resignation) ran a series of runs for Ninoys birthday, I was there, Jogging in high spirits alongside the likes of Tingting CoJuangco and Kris Aquino. I was there in the students march to Malacanan on June 28, overcoming my fear and shouting with the others, Babalik kami! in the face of truncheons, facing riot policemen in Mendiola on July 6. Yes, I was there, alive in the knowledge that I was doing something, proud of the fact that I was forever to remain a part of our history. Ang laya moy babantayan/Pilipinas kong mahal! Now, dont get me wrong. Im not out to save the world. But if I can make it a better place to live in, whats to keep me from doing it? So I go on, doing what I can to help the country escape from its cocoon, like a butterfly spreading its wings and showing the rest of the world that the Philippines is truly beautiful within and without. I think thats the best thing that I, or anyone for that matter, can do. The rest I leave to God. Editors note: The author wrote this piece when she was 18 years old. She is now a teacher and mother of three, living in the U. S. This essay won first prize in the English category of the Benigno Aquino Jr. Foundation essay writing contest on the topic

Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment

Initially, the trouble with my body being the wrong sex was just...troubling. My mother told me stories, before she died, of the difficulties toilet training me, of getting me to deal with plumbing I felt unhappy with. I remember how kindergarten gave me my first taste of the shame I would be indoctrinated with over my life, of ridicule by adults and my peers. Back then, in early childhood, I knew something was wrong, it caused me embarrassment and a little shame, but I always felt that it would work out, if I just hoped and prayed hard enough. From the earliest I felt different, because I was not like those I was supposed to be kin to, boys. I was quiet and gentle and they were rough and loud. I liked to draw and read, to paint and play with stuffed animals making little homes for them and myself, I did not fit in with my supposed peers. I felt outcast even in kindergarten, and I had a difficult time understanding fully just why. Girls would often not include me, which I also did not understand, so the best definition of what it felt like for me to be a transsexual child would be Outcast and Confused. As I approached puberty, the exclusion from both boys and girls increased, as each had reasons for avoiding the shy strange child I was. To boys I was weird because I liked girlish things, and to girls I was icky because I was supposed to be a boy. When they did include me, they wanted me to play the role of 'daddy' or 'boyfriend' or other such role, and I would only be willing to play 'mommy' or my usual, the 'baby' in games of playing house. In every activity my gender dilemma affected me. If I wanted to twirl on the monkey bars I was ridiculed because only girls did that, and my stuffed animals were taken away by my vile father, fearful of my love for them. Eventually, I had to find a way to avoid persecution, for my difference increasingly resulted in physical abuse from the boys. I was threatened and beaten, called a fag... Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment Initially, the trouble with my body being the wrong sex was just...troubling. My mother told me stories, before she died, of the difficulties toilet training me, of getting me to deal with plumbing I felt unhappy with. I remember how kindergarten gave me my first taste of the shame I would be indoctrinated with over my life, of ridicule by adults and my peers. Back then, in early childhood, I knew something was wrong, it caused me embarrassment and a little shame, but I always felt that it would work out, if I just hoped and prayed hard enough. From the earliest I felt different, because I was not like those I was supposed to be kin to, boys. I was quiet and gentle and they were rough and loud. I liked to draw and read, to paint and play with stuffed animals making little homes for them and myself, I did not fit in with my supposed peers. I felt outcast even in kindergarten, and I had a difficult time understanding fully just why. Girls would often not include me, which I also did not understand, so the best definition of what it felt like for me to be a transsexual child would be Outcast and Confused. As I approached puberty, the exclusion from both boys and girls increased, as each had reasons for avoiding the shy strange child I was. To boys I was weird because I liked girlish things, and to girls I was icky because I was supposed to be a boy. When they did include me, they wanted me to play the role of 'daddy' or 'boyfriend' or other such role, and I would only be willing to play 'mommy' or my usual, the 'baby' in games of playing house. In every activity my gender dilemma affected me. If I wanted to twirl on the monkey bars I was ridiculed because only girls did that, and my stuffed animals were taken away by my vile father, fearful of my love for them. Eventually, I had to find a way to avoid persecution, for my difference increasingly resulted in physical abuse from the boys. I was threatened and beaten, called a fag...

Sony TV Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sony TV Marketing - Case Study Example Australians are generally overweight, less likely to marry, and consuming more goods and services. (Australian Social Trends 2007). As their household income increased, household spending also rose. Since 1985-86, real (i.e. adjusted for inflation) household final consumption expenditure per person has increased on average by 2% each year (from $17,500 in 1985-86 to $26,100 in 2005-06). The largest increases have been on communication services and goods for recreation and culture. The Sony television set falls under the goods for recreation and culture. Australia has experienced an increase in marriages registered. In 2006, there were 114,222 registered marriages, representing an increase of 4,899 (4.5%) from 2005. (Australian Bureau of Statistics). This signals the most significant increase in the number of registrations from 1999. This increase in registration numbers is consistent across all states and territories. New South Wales contributed the highest increase in registrations at a national level, reporting a rise of 2,144 (6.0%) marriages from 2005 to 2006. Consequently, Australia's total fertility rate has increased, reaching 1.81 babies per woman in 2005. This constitutes the highest level of increase from 1995. The main source of this increased spending are women aged 30 years and over. The immigration rate has also increased. ... EconomicEconomic growth and development has been steady at 7% per annum. Australia forms part of the developed country block. International trade has quadrupled as businesses produced various goods and services for export to the United States, Japan and South America. Agricultural commodities and machinery constitute a significant portion of outbound trade. Industrial goods also form a sizeable component of Australian export. Imports are made up of raw materials and tools for industrial production. Natural The Australian government, business sector and civil society have banded together to push for the adoption of adaptation and mitigation efforts given the global climate change. Many local companies have implemented efforts to save energy and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The legislature is studying proposals on how to speed up the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The Australian government had ratified the Kyoto Protocol. This enabled Australia to be active in international negotiations on climate change for the first time. The new government has set a long-term target of a 60% reduction in emissions by 2050, with a national emissions trading scheme to be implemented by 2010 to enable it to reach the target. The signatories to the Kyoto Protocol have committed to achieving certain emissions targets on average over this 5 year period. TechnologicalSony is selling a thin TV (just over 3 millimeters thick). The new televisions have an 11-inch screen and cost 200,000, or almost $1,800. The Sony TV which is known as the XEL-1, features saturated colors and superlative slimness due to the emerging technology of organic light-emitting diodes, or OLEDs. OLED displays are produced not by the fluorescent bulbs of LCDs, but by

Criminal Judicial System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Judicial System - Essay Example The criminal courts have also being accused of the wrongful conviction, there have been cases where courts have issued unexpected verdicts, and therefore the morale of the people has diminished. In Canada, there have been instances where the people have lodged strong opposition against the ruling of the criminal courts, as a result, 'judges in some jurisdictions being sent on a three days course on avoiding wrongful convictions' (Felix, 2006). The important factor that has to be addressed is the reasons which have been responsible for the corrupt and manipulated verdicts and the proceedings of the courts. The reasons attributed towards the failure of the criminal court in the dispersion of justice have been the over-confident statements and stands of the witnesses, there have been cases where bogus prosecution experts were hired, and therefore the dispensation of justice was halted. ... The domain of the high profile case includes the involvement and participation of the press and the police. The criminal judicial system is also affected by the public opinion. It has been observed that there have been cases where the prominent figures were accused of crimes, but because those prominent figures enjoyed good public opinion, the courts were bound to respect the public opinion, else serious communal riots could have initiated. In past several religious authorities were accused of crimes, and the evidences were strongly against them, but because the government expected that a retaliation from the local population, therefore the criminal courts were influenced and were forced to acquit the accused religious personnel, therefore there is a need to ensure not only internal transparency, but the role of the external forces should be minimal and only then the performance of the criminal judicial system can improve (Lester, 2005). Discussion The criminal justice system has empowered the prosecutor to deplore and condemn the defense, and has the right to inlfuence the verdict, and identifies the nature and severity of the punishment. The particular problem with reference to the criminal justice system has been the 'historical legacy of assimilation' (Felix, 2006), and traces of which are related 'to the impact of European assimilation'. The economic, social and political life of the aboriginal people experienced silent revolution and silent imposition of command and authority deeply influenced their behavior and practices, and therefore their life style and perspective varied greatly. The criminal justice system has failed to incorporate allowances towards such adjustment, and has undertaken ignorant approach

Development of a Leadership Plan Research Paper

Development of a Leadership Plan - Research Paper Example This has led to the emergence of several rehabilitation centers and organizations to assist drug addicts within Ohio State. Lome Counseling and Support Group are a volunteer association initiated by five members who had a passion to help drug addicts abandon their destructive activities in the society. It was started in the year 2000 and has grown immensely due to the support from the government, private organizations and well-wishers who had the passion to reduce the rate of drug use. The group is located in Ohio State and has several branches and support centers within the state which assist various groups of people involved in drug use (Schuckit et al., 1996). Lome is headed with a CEO named James Bond and a deputy director. The other three members are involved in the daily management of the organization and in various administrative posts within the association. All of the five members were initial drug users who had undergone rehabilitation and thus have the passion to assist ot her people engaged in drug use. Program Description Lome consists of various technocrats and experts within its premises who help in the rehabilitation of drug addicts. The program runs through various communities and targets specific people who engage in drugs and substance abuse for various reasons. Consequently, Lome targets drug dealers who sell the drugs to young people in middle and higher learning institutions (Hanson, Venturelli & Fleckenstein, 2011). The program first identifies groups of people and institutions who are at risk of using drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, marijuana among other drugs. Afterwards, the program rolls out plan of reaching them through the organization of workshops, sports, seminars and training program. During the meeting session, the program coordinators engage with drugs and substance users by discussing various negative impacts of drugs on the users and seeking their views. Thereafter, the coordinators of the program advise the youths on various ways of stopping using drugs. The program also incorporates involvement of the youths are the most affected in activities that make them exploit their talents and engage in constructive activities. For instance, the organization arranges sporting activities amongst schools, various estate teams, debates, seminars and various forms of competitions within the society, thus minimizing time available for the youths to engage in drug use (National Youth Network, 2011). The group takes various drug addicts to the several centers it has opened thus ensuring the youths are looked after during the recovery period. Relation of the Program to Selected SP Chapter Lome Counseling and Support Center mainly focuses on drugs and substance abuse in the Ohio State. This is a serious social problem within many societies since it erodes social norms set out to be observed by everyone in the society. This happens when the drug addicts rebel against parents, elder people or even their own family members and only associate with fellow drug users. This was the main reason for establishing the program within Ohio State. The program explores various means of curbing incidences of drug use among the youths who constitute a sizable percentage of learning students. Through the program, the plan is to provide both moral, emotional, physical

Cognitive Network Security

Cognitive Network Security Introduction: The rapid development of various communication and wireless technologies had led to ultimate spectrum insufficiency. This may cause a great spectrum extinction thereby not allowing new wireless services to be installed. To overcome this great spectrum disaster and to optimally use the underutilized bands, a new technology so called cognitiveradio evolved. This technology scampers the software programs thereby helps cognitive user to look for spectrum holes, pick the best among them, work jointly in coordination with other users and do not disturb the owner of spectrum on arrival[1].The members do stay connected in an ad-hoc manner and there is no guaranteed network architecture. This makes the privacy issues more intricate than in conventional wireless devices. [2]. The medium of transport is free air, any adulteration of data can be done without much being noticed by the sufferer and at the worst case, the data signals are even jammed. Establishing security in these networks is a ri sky task because of its inimitable quality. [4] The innate temperament of it has made it an open play ground for attackers. There are four layers in a cognitive network out of which Physical layer is the lowermost layer and various attacks are feasible here .The main focus is on attacks in these layers since it is the common layer and has same compatibility with all other devices. The rapid development of technology has led to a new attack so called Primary User Emulation Attack wherein the imitation of spiteful user as a primary transmitter occurs to deceive the secondary users and gain access over the white space. Better functioning of the Cognitive network is affected to a great extent if this Primary User Emulation Attack is severe.[3]Earlier methods and the most primitive are cyclostationary and the energy detection ones [11]. The first technique is based on the fact that the signals from primary users are periodic and do have regular cyclostationarity property. The second method involves comparison of energy level of the signal with a preset threshold. [10].These methods are already bypassed owing to the rapid growth of technology. It can be done either by impersonating the primary transmitted signal or high power signal to confuse the energy detector [9]. Thus to avoid the problem of PUEA, we need a trustable method to verify the arrival of primary user .One such method is verification of licensed user by means of biased reaction signalling[6]. The other technique involves LocDef , where we use localization technique by non interactive technique [7]. We can also use Public encryption systems thereby ensuring the trustworthy communication[5]. Primary user has a closely placed helper node which plays the role of a bridge thereby enabling of the verification of the primary user’s signals using cryptographic signatures and authentic link signatures.[8].There are hand off techniques meant for secret communication of sharing session keys between the client and the router [12]. We do add the tag for authentication in a transparent way so as no to interfere with the primary receiver but still maintain authenticity with the cognitive user. We can add this tag in parity bits of the codeword or in the modulation scheme .[13].But to make this signature embedding accurate, error control codes like convolutional codes, turbo codes or alamauti codes can be used. .A convolutional encoder is a linear predetermined-state device with n algebraic function generators and K stage shift register. The binary input data, is shifted as b bits at a time along the registers. Decoding can be done by either sequential decoding, maximum likelihood or feedback decoding[15]. In case of turbo codes, two RSC elementary codes are in a parallel organization. Maximum A Posteriori algorithm is used for decoding it in iterative process[16].In a highly noisy environments single error control codes do not have high coding gain. In order to improve this concatenated codes are preferred.[14] H ence to cope up with the FCC regulations, we proposed a method in which the authentication tag is embedded onto the data signal by the helper node after encoding and the comparative study of which concatenated codes serve the best to reduce the bit error rate has been discussed. II. PROPOSED METHOD: 2.1)HASH ALGORITHM: Procedure: Message is Padded in such a way that the length of message matches to 896 modulo 1024 . In certain cases ,the length may match yet the padding becomes additional. We do add a binary bit 1 followed by binary 0s to make the desired length. Depending upon the actual message size, we may have n number of bits padded where n=1 to 1024.We do assume that the message after padding is an unsigned integer of 128 bits and output of earlier two steps is a 1024 bit integer in order to calculate the length of message. Eight registers each of capacity to hold 64 bits (p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w) are needed to grasp the 512 bit results momentarily .This 512 bit output is carried over as an input to the consecutive stages. For the first stage, the previously stored transitional hash output is taken. On processing the padded message of 1024 bits, we get 64 bit as input per round. So to maintain the security and avoid repetitions, we do use a constant to point to the round number out of 80.After completion of 80 rounds, the final stage result is fed back to the first block until the message gets over. Thus we need (Oi-1) to produce Oi where I is the stage number. 2.2)METHOD OF EMBEDDING: We assume that the primary transmitter and the helper node share almost the same geological location and the helper node has a secret communication with the secondary users there. The primary transmitter on arrival generally transmits a data signal to its intended primary receiver. Since the primary transmitter has the highest priority and in no way it should be interfered we use the helper node to embed this security tag. The primary transmitter encodes the data sequence, modulates and transmits the signal. The data sequence after encoding is modulated and being transmitted by the primary transmitter. The helper node here repeats the signal and the hashed output is being embedded by it .Here the embedding is done in such a way that the tag to data ratio is comparatively low. Encode the data sequence to form N code words and each codeword contains p bits. We get an authentication tag by splitting the hash function output obtained earlier into p bit blocks. The tag thus obtained is su bstituted in the place of first p bits of the total N code words obtained. We do obey the regulations as per FCC since this tag embedding task is solely performed by the helper node. At the receiver end the authentication tag is retrieved and checked for authenticity. This tag verification is being done by the Cognitive Radio user upon reception since we did assume that the key for hash had been exchanged privately earlier. If verification is successful, the task is suspended and secondary user looks for any new white space. BLOCK DIAGRAM: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: BER VALUES FOR CONVOLUTIONAL CODES: BER VALUES FOR TURBO CONVOLUTIONAL CODES: BER VALUES FOR CONVOLUTIONAL-ALAMOUTI CODES: BER VALUES FOR TURBO-ALAMOUTI CODES: REFERENCES: O. Leà ³n ,Hernà ¡ndez-Serrano, J.,Soriano, M.,. Securingcognitiveradionetworks, International Journal of Communication Systems,23: 633-652. May 2010 Parvin, S.,Han, S.,Tian, B.,Hussain, F.K, Trust-based authentication for secure communication inCognitiveRadioNetworks,International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, Hong Kong; China;,pp. 589-596. December 2010. Zhang, C.,Yu, R.,Zhang, Y., Performance analysis of Primary User Emulation Attack inCognitiveRadionetworks,International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference,pp.371-376. August 2012. Parvin, S.,Hussain, F.K.,Hussain, O.K.,Han, S.,Tian, B.,Chang, E., Cognitiveradionetworksecurity: A survey ,Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 35: 1691-1708. November 2012. Parvin, S.,Hussain, F.K.,Hussain, O.K, Digital signature-basedauthenticationframework incognitiveradionetworks, International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia,pp.136-142. December 2012. Kumar, V.,Park, J.M.,Kim, J.,Aziz, A., Physical layerauthenticationusing controlled inter symbol interference, International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,pp. 286. October 2012. Ruiliang Chen, Jung-Min Park, and Jeffrey H. Reed,Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks,IEEE transactions on Selected areas in communication,26:25-37. January 2008. Tingting Jiang., Huacheng Zeng., Qiben Yan., Wenjing Lou.,Thomas Hou,Y, On the Limitation of Embedding Cryptographic Signature for Primary Transmitter Authentication, IEEE transactions on Wireless communication letters,1:324-327. August 2012. Chen,R.,Park,J.,Reed,J.H, Defense against primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks, IEEE transactions on Selected Areas in Communications, 26:25–37. 2008. Liu,Y.,Ning,P., Dai,H, Authenticating primary users’ signals in cognitive radio networks via integrated cryptographic radio networks via integrated cryptographic and wireless link signatures,IEEE Symp. on Security and Privacy, pp. 286–301. 2010. Kim,H.,Shin,K.G, In-band spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: energy detection or feature detection? ,ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp.14-25. 2008. He, Y.,Xu, L.,Wu, W., A local joint fast handoff scheme incognitivewireless mesh networks , IEEE transactions on Security and Communication Networks, 7:455-465. February 2014. Xi Tan., Kapil Borle., Wenliang Du., Biao Chen, Cryptographic Link Signatures for Spectrum Usage Authentication in Cognitive Radio, ACM conference on Wireless network security,pp.79-90.2011. Avila, J.,Thenmozhi, K, DWT highlighted concatenated multi band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM)-upgraded enactment, International Journal of Engineering and Technology,5:2155-2162. June 2013. Andrew J. Viterbi, Convolutional Codes and ’Their Performance in Communication Systems , IEEE transactions on Communication Technology,19:751-772. October 1971. Claude Berrou., Alain Glavieux ,Near optimum error correcting coding and decoding-turbo codes,IEEE Transactions on communications,44:1261-1271. October 1996 Wang,X.,Wu,Y.,Caron,B, Transmitter identification using embedded pseudo random sequences, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting,3:244-252. September 2004. Danev,B.,Luecken,H.,Capkun,Z.,Defrawy,K.E,Attacks on physical-layer identification,ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security,pp.89-97. 2010. Proakis,J.G., Salehi,M, Digital Communications.New York, McGraw-Hill, pp. 192, 434, 472-474. 2007. Chen,Z.,Cooklev,T.,Chen,C., Pomalaza-R ´aez,C, Modeling Primary User Emulation Attacks and Defences in Cognitive Radio Networks, International Performance Computing and Communications Conference,pp.208-215. 2009.

Workers? Compensation Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workers’ compensation is meant to protect employees from loss of income and to cover extra expenses associated with job-related injuries or illness. Accidents in which the employee does not lose time from work, accidents in which the employee loses time from work, temporary partial disability, permanent partial or total disability, death, occupational diseases, noncrippling physical impairments, such as deafness, impairments suffered at employer-sanctioned events, such as social events or during travel to organization business, and injuries or disabilities attributable to an employer’s gross negligence are the types of injuries and illnesses most frequently covered by workers’ compensation laws. Since 1955, several states have allowed workers’ compensation payments for job-related cases of anxiety, depression, and certain mental disorders. Although some form of workers’ compensation is available in all 50 states, specific require ments, payments, and procedures vary among states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain features are common to virtually all programs: The laws generally provide for replacement of lost income, medical expense payments, rehabilitation of some sort, death benefits to survivors, and lump-sum disability payments. The employee does not have to sue the employer to get compensation. The compensation is normally paid through an insurance program financed through premiums paid by employers. Workers’ compensation insurance pr...